<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"><channel><title>Unix学习 on farmer3-c Blog</title><link>https://farmer3-c.github.io/tags/unix%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/</link><description>Recent content in Unix学习 on farmer3-c Blog</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 10:44:47 +0800</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://farmer3-c.github.io/tags/unix%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>查找并重命名文件</title><link>https://farmer3-c.github.io/posts/unix/</link><pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 10:44:47 +0800</pubDate><guid>https://farmer3-c.github.io/posts/unix/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;下面是实现查找并重命名文件的C程序，使用了&lt;code&gt;apue.h&lt;/code&gt;库中的函数和数据结构。
该程序支持查找指定目录下的所有文件，并将指定文件名的文件重命名为&amp;quot;pass&amp;quot;。
程序会输出重命名的文件数量。&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;details&gt;
&lt;summary&gt;点击展开/折叠代码&lt;/summary&gt;
&lt;div markdown="1"&gt;
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"&gt;&lt;code class="language-c" data-lang="c"&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;#34;apue.h&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;dirent.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;limits.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;string.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;sys/stat.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;sys/types.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;stdio.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cpf"&gt;&amp;lt;stdlib.h&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;typedef&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;struct&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;stat&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;myfunc_rename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;dopath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;myftw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 存储文件完整路径
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;target_filename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 要查找并重命名的目标文件名
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rename_count&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 成功重命名的文件数
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 文件类型标记
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#define FTW_F 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cm"&gt;/* 普通文件 */&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#define FTW_D 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cm"&gt;/* 目录 */&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#define FTW_DNR 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cm"&gt;/* 不可读目录 */&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;#define FTW_NS 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cm"&gt;/* 无法stat的文件 */&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cp"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;main&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;argc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;argv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 校验参数：支持 myfind &amp;lt;指定目录&amp;gt; &amp;lt;要改名的文件名&amp;gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;argc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;err_quit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;usage: myfind &amp;lt;target_directory&amp;gt; &amp;lt;filename_to_rename&amp;gt;&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;target_filename&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;argv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;];&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rename_count&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;myftw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;argv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;myfunc_rename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;rename_count&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;未找到名为 &amp;#39;%s&amp;#39; 的文件，无需重命名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="se"&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;target_filename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;成功将 %d 个文件重命名为 &amp;#39;pass&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="se"&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rename_count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;exit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;myftw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;size_t&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;path_alloc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 从apue库获取路径缓冲区
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strncpy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 确保字符串终止
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;dopath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;dopath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;Myfunc&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;struct&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;stat&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;struct&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;dirent&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dirp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;DIR&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 获取文件属性失败
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;lstat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;FTW_NS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 如果是普通文件，执行重命名逻辑
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;S_ISDIR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;st_mode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;FTW_F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 如果是目录，先执行回调（无实际操作）
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;FTW_D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;))&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 拼接子目录路径
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strlen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sc"&gt;&amp;#39;/&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 打开目录失败
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dp&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;opendir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;))&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nb"&gt;NULL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statbuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;FTW_DNR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 遍历目录下的所有文件/子目录
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;while&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dirp&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;readdir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;))&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nb"&gt;NULL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 跳过.和..
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;strcmp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dirp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;-&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;d_name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;.&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;||&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strcmp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dirp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;-&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;d_name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;..&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;continue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 拼接子文件路径
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strcpy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;dirp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;-&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;d_name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 递归处理子文件/子目录
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;dopath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;))&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;break&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 恢复路径（移除最后拼接的子文件名）
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ptr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 关闭目录
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;closedir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;dp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;err_ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;无法关闭目录: %s&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;fullpath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 查找目标文件并将其重命名为pass
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;myfunc_rename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;struct&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;stat&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;statptr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 仅处理普通文件
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;type&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;FTW_F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 提取文件名（路径最后一个/后的部分）
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;filename&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strrchr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sc"&gt;&amp;#39;/&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;filename&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nb"&gt;NULL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;filename&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 无/，直接是文件名
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;filename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 跳过/，指向实际文件名
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 匹配到目标文件，执行重命名
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;strcmp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;filename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;target_filename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 拼接新路径：原目录 + /pass
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;char&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;new_path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;PATH_MAX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;];&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strncpy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;new_path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strrchr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sc"&gt;&amp;#39;/&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;strcat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;new_path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;pass&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// 执行重命名
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;rename&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;new_path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;成功重命名: %s -&amp;gt; %s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="se"&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;new_path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rename_count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;err_ret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;&amp;#34;重命名失败: %s&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pathname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="line"&gt;&lt;span class="cl"&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/details&gt;
&lt;h1 id="unix系统中路径的操作与修改"&gt;UNIX系统中路径的操作与修改&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这个程序实现了在指定目录下查找并重命名特定文件的功能，展示了多种路径操作技术。&lt;/p&gt;</description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>下面是实现查找并重命名文件的C程序，使用了<code>apue.h</code>库中的函数和数据结构。
该程序支持查找指定目录下的所有文件，并将指定文件名的文件重命名为&quot;pass&quot;。
程序会输出重命名的文件数量。</strong></p>
<details>
<summary>点击展开/折叠代码</summary>
<div markdown="1">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&#34;apue.h&#34;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;dirent.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;limits.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;string.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;sys/stat.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;sys/types.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">Myfunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">stat</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">Myfunc</span> <span class="n">myfunc_rename</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">dopath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Myfunc</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">myftw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Myfunc</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">;</span>          <span class="c1">// 存储文件完整路径
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">target_filename</span><span class="p">;</span>   <span class="c1">// 要查找并重命名的目标文件名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">rename_count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>    <span class="c1">// 成功重命名的文件数
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 文件类型标记
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#define FTW_F    1    </span><span class="cm">/* 普通文件 */</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#define FTW_D    2    </span><span class="cm">/* 目录 */</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#define FTW_DNR  3    </span><span class="cm">/* 不可读目录 */</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#define FTW_NS   4    </span><span class="cm">/* 无法stat的文件 */</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 校验参数：支持 myfind &lt;指定目录&gt; &lt;要改名的文件名&gt;
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">err_quit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;usage: myfind &lt;target_directory&gt; &lt;filename_to_rename&gt;&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">target_filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">rename_count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">myftw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">myfunc_rename</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rename_count</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;未找到名为 &#39;%s&#39; 的文件，无需重命名</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target_filename</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;成功将 %d 个文件重命名为 &#39;pass&#39;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rename_count</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">myftw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Myfunc</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">size_t</span> <span class="n">len</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">fullpath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">path_alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>  <span class="c1">// 从apue库获取路径缓冲区
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">strncpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>          <span class="c1">// 确保字符串终止
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">dopath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">dopath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Myfunc</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">stat</span> <span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">dirent</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dirp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">DIR</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 获取文件属性失败
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">lstat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">FTW_NS</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 如果是普通文件，执行重命名逻辑
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">S_ISDIR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">st_mode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">FTW_F</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 如果是目录，先执行回调（无实际操作）
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">FTW_D</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 拼接子目录路径
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fullpath</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 打开目录失败
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">dp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">opendir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">statbuf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">FTW_DNR</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 遍历目录下的所有文件/子目录
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">dirp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">readdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 跳过.和..
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;.&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;..&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 拼接子文件路径
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">strcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 递归处理子文件/子目录
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">dopath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 恢复路径（移除最后拼接的子文件名）
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 关闭目录
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">closedir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">err_ret</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;无法关闭目录: %s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 查找目标文件并将其重命名为pass
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">myfunc_rename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">stat</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">statptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">type</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 仅处理普通文件
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">FTW_F</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 提取文件名（路径最后一个/后的部分）
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">strrchr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="c1">// 无/，直接是文件名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="c1">// 跳过/，指向实际文件名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 匹配到目标文件，执行重命名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target_filename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 拼接新路径：原目录 + /pass
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PATH_MAX</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">strncpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nf">strrchr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pathname</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">strcat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;pass&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 执行重命名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">rename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;成功重命名: %s -&gt; %s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">rename_count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="nf">err_ret</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;重命名失败: %s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></div>
</details>
<h1 id="unix系统中路径的操作与修改">UNIX系统中路径的操作与修改</h1>
<p>这个程序实现了在指定目录下查找并重命名特定文件的功能，展示了多种路径操作技术。</p>
<h2 id="一unix路径的基本表示">一、UNIX路径的基本表示</h2>
<p>在UNIX系统中，路径是用于标识文件或目录位置的字符串：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用正斜杠 <code>/</code> 作为路径分隔符</li>
<li>绝对路径从根目录 <code>/</code> 开始</li>
<li>相对路径从当前工作目录开始</li>
<li><code>.</code> 表示当前目录，<code>..</code> 表示父目录</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="二程序中的路径操作技术">二、程序中的路径操作技术</h2>
<h3 id="1-路径缓冲区管理">1. 路径缓冲区管理</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="c1">// 存储文件完整路径
</span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>程序使用 <code>fullpath</code> 变量存储文件的完整路径，通过 <code>path_alloc</code> 函数（来自apue库）安全地分配足够大的缓冲区：</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">fullpath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">path_alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>  <span class="c1">// 从apue库获取路径缓冲区
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">strncpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>          <span class="c1">// 确保字符串终止
</span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这确保了路径操作时有足够的空间，避免缓冲区溢出。</p>
<h3 id="2-目录遍历与路径构建">2. 目录遍历与路径构建</h3>
<p>程序使用深度优先遍历（DFS）方式遍历目录树：</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 拼接子目录路径
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fullpath</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullpath</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ptr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 遍历目录下的所有文件/子目录
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">dirp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">readdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 跳过.和..
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;.&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;..&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 拼接子文件路径
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">strcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dirp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d_name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 递归处理子文件/子目录
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">dopath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 恢复路径（移除最后拼接的子文件名）
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这段代码展示了如何动态构建和恢复路径：</p>
<ul>
<li>先获取当前路径长度，在末尾添加 <code>/</code></li>
<li>将子文件名拼接到路径末尾</li>
<li>递归处理后，通过将最后一个 <code>/</code> 设为 <code>\0</code> 恢复路径</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-文件名提取">3. 文件名提取</h3>
<p>程序使用 <code>strrchr</code> 函数提取路径中的文件名：</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 提取文件名（路径最后一个/后的部分）
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">strrchr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="c1">// 无/，直接是文件名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="c1">// 跳过/，指向实际文件名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p><code>strrchr</code> 函数查找字符串中最后一次出现指定字符（这里是 <code>/</code>）的位置，通过这种方式可以从完整路径中分离出文件名。</p>
<h3 id="4-文件重命名操作">4. 文件重命名操作</h3>
<p>程序使用 <code>rename</code> 函数进行文件重命名，这涉及到路径的修改：</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 拼接新路径：原目录 + /pass
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PATH_MAX</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">strncpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nf">strrchr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">pathname</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">strcat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;pass&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 执行重命名
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">rename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;成功重命名: %s -&gt; %s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">rename_count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">err_ret</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;重命名失败: %s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这段代码实现了如何构建新路径：</p>
<ul>
<li>首先复制原路径中目录部分（从开头到最后一个 <code>/</code>）</li>
<li>然后在目录路径后拼接新的文件名 &ldquo;pass&rdquo;</li>
<li>使用 <code>rename</code> 函数将原文件路径修改为新路径</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<p>UNIX系统中路径的操作和修改是通过字符串处理函数、目录操作函数和文件系统调用的组合实现的。程序展示了如何构建路径、遍历目录树并修改文件路径。</p>
<p>通过学习这些技术，我们可以更好地理解UNIX系统中文件系统的组织方式，以及如何在程序中有效地操作和修改路径。</p>
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